Why Realtors need more than listing Reels
Instagram Reels can be useful for Vancouver Realtors, but only if the content does more than announce active listings.
Listing Reels matter. They help promote properties, show visual quality, and support a campaign while a home is on the market. But if an agent only posts listings, their content disappears whenever they do not have an active property to promote. That creates gaps in visibility.
A stronger approach is to treat Reels as a personal brand and education channel.
Buyers and sellers do not only want to know what you are selling this week. They want to understand how you think, what you know, how you communicate, what neighbourhoods you understand, and whether they would trust you with a real estate decision.
That is where Instagram Reels can help.
A short video about Vancouver condo layouts can help buyers. A seller preparation tip can build trust with homeowners. A neighbourhood walk-through can show local knowledge. A listing commentary Reel can prove that you understand how to position a property. A simple on-camera answer to a common question can make you more familiar before someone reaches out.
Instagram Reels do not guarantee leads, listings, or sales. They are not a replacement for strong service, pricing strategy, negotiation skill, or local expertise. But when used consistently, they can support visibility, trust, and stronger digital presence.
Quick answer
Vancouver Realtors should post Instagram Reels that go beyond listings by creating neighbourhood videos, buyer education, seller tips, market explainers, listing commentary, behind-the-scenes content, personal brand videos, and short answers to common client questions.
The goal is to build familiarity and trust before buyers or sellers contact you.
The strongest Reels are specific, useful, and connected to a broader business system: profile links, landing pages, listing pages, consultation forms, direct messages, retargeting campaigns, and follow-up.
Key takeaways
Instagram Reels should not be treated only as a listing announcement format. Listing content is useful, but it does not build a complete personal brand by itself.
The strongest Realtor Reels usually educate, explain, show local knowledge, or reveal how the agent thinks.
Consistency matters more than perfection. A simple, useful Reel posted regularly can be more valuable than one overproduced video followed by silence.
Reels should connect to a business system: profile links, landing pages, DMs, consultation forms, listing pages, email follow-up, and retargeting campaigns.
Professional production is most useful for high-value assets: brand videos, luxury listing campaigns, paid ads, and polished social content packages.
The problem with posting only listings
Listings are temporary. Your brand is not.
If a Realtor’s Instagram feed is only new listings, sold posts, and open house reminders, the audience sees inventory but not necessarily expertise. The content may answer “what are you selling?” but it does not fully answer “why should someone trust you?”
That matters because most future clients are not ready to act the moment they see one post. A seller may follow you for months before booking a consultation. A buyer may watch neighbourhood videos before asking for help. A referral may check your Instagram profile before deciding whether to introduce you.
Listing-only content creates a narrow impression.
| Listing-only content | Broader personal brand content |
|---|---|
| Promotes one property | Builds ongoing familiarity |
| Depends on active inventory | Works between listings |
| Focuses on the home | Shows the agent’s expertise |
| Has short campaign life | Creates long-term trust signals |
| Often speaks to buyers only | Can speak to buyers, sellers, investors, and referrals |
A strong Realtor Instagram strategy should still include listing content. It should not stop there.
The best approach is balance. Listings show what you market. Educational and personal brand Reels show how you think. Neighbourhood Reels show where you have local context. Process videos show how you work. Together, those content types create a fuller picture of the Realtor behind the posts.
What Instagram Reels should do for Realtors
A Reel should have a job.
Some Reels are built to reach new people. Some are built to educate warm followers. Some are built to support a listing campaign. Some are built to make a Realtor feel more familiar. Some are built to drive traffic to a landing page or start a DM conversation.
Before recording, ask one question:
What should this Reel make the viewer understand, feel, or do?
That question keeps the content focused.
A useful Reel can:
| Purpose | Example |
|---|---|
| Build local authority | “What buyers should know about Mount Pleasant condos” |
| Educate sellers | “Why listing prep should start before photos” |
| Explain process | “What happens after a seller signs the listing agreement” |
| Support a campaign | “Three things that make this townhome layout work” |
| Build familiarity | “Why I focus on clarity before pressure in negotiations” |
| Drive action | “DM me for the full seller prep checklist” |
Reels do not need to be long. They need to be specific.
A Reel that answers one real question is usually stronger than a Reel that tries to cover everything. The more focused the idea, the easier it is for the viewer to understand, save, share, or act.
Content pillars for Vancouver Realtor Reels
Without content pillars, Instagram becomes random.
One week there is a listing Reel. The next week there is a market update. Then nothing for two weeks. That kind of inconsistency makes it hard to build momentum.
Content pillars give the Realtor a repeatable structure.
| Pillar | Goal | Reel example |
|---|---|---|
| Neighbourhood content | Show local knowledge | “What makes Kitsilano different from Yaletown?” |
| Buyer education | Build buyer trust | “Do not compare condos by square footage alone” |
| Seller education | Attract listing conversations | “Three things sellers should do before photos” |
| Listing commentary | Show marketing expertise | “Why this lead image works for online buyers” |
| Market perspective | Add informed context | “What more inventory can mean for sellers” |
| Process content | Reduce uncertainty | “What happens before a listing goes live?” |
| Personal perspective | Build familiarity | “How I explain pricing strategy to sellers” |
The pillars should match the Realtor’s business model.
A luxury-focused Realtor may post more listing strategy, market perspective, and lifestyle content. A first-time buyer specialist may post more educational and neighbourhood comparison videos. A brokerage may use Reels to show agent expertise, office culture, listings, and local market education.
A practical starting point is three to five pillars. More than that can become difficult to maintain. Fewer than that may make the content repetitive.
For more planning support, see real estate content ideas for Vancouver Realtors.
Neighbourhood Reels show the market, not just the map
Neighbourhood content is one of the strongest Reel categories for Vancouver Realtors because it demonstrates local knowledge visually.
A neighbourhood Reel does not need to be a full tour. It can focus on one useful angle.
Examples:
| Neighbourhood Reel idea | Why it works |
|---|---|
| “What buyers like about Mount Pleasant” | Connects lifestyle to demand |
| “Kitsilano condo buyers should know this” | Makes the content specific |
| “Yaletown vs. Coal Harbour: different buyer profiles” | Creates comparison value |
| “Three things to check before buying near a busy corridor” | Gives practical advice |
| “Why outdoor access changes buyer interest in some areas” | Connects lifestyle and property value |
The best neighbourhood Reels are not generic montages. They explain something.
A Reel showing coffee shops, parks, streets, and buildings can look nice. A Reel explaining why those details matter to buyers is stronger.
For example:
This area works well for buyers who want walkability, but parking and building age can vary a lot. If you are comparing condos here, do not only look at the listing photos. Look at strata history, layout, exposure, and how the building fits your lifestyle.
That type of Reel gives the viewer a useful lens.
Vancouver has strong neighbourhood differences. Kitsilano, Mount Pleasant, East Vancouver, Yaletown, Olympic Village, Coal Harbour, Commercial Drive, North Vancouver, and Burnaby all attract different buyer profiles and seller conversations.
Reels can make those differences easier to understand.
For a deeper content strategy, read neighbourhood content for Vancouver Realtors.
Buyer education Reels help people make better decisions
Buyer education content works because many buyers are overwhelmed.
They may be comparing neighbourhoods, property types, strata fees, layouts, building age, parking, outdoor space, commute time, and financing considerations. A short Reel can make one part of that decision clearer.
Useful buyer Reel topics include:
One thing to check before buying an older Vancouver condo
Why square footage does not tell the whole story
How to compare two similar listings in different neighbourhoods
What first-time buyers misunderstand about strata fees
Why layout can matter more than total size
What relocation buyers should know before choosing an area
How to prepare before booking showings
What buyers should ask before writing an offer
Buyer Reels should not try to replace a consultation. They should show that the Realtor can explain complex decisions clearly.
A buyer who watches several helpful videos may begin to trust the Realtor before ever sending a message. That is the value of educational content.
It gives people a reason to pay attention before they are ready to act.
Seller education Reels can attract listing conversations
Seller education is one of the highest-value Reel categories for Realtors.
Sellers are evaluating judgment. They want to know whether the agent understands preparation, pricing, marketing, timing, negotiation, and presentation.
A Reel can show that quickly.
Useful seller Reel topics include:
Three things to do before your listing photoshoot
Why listing preparation starts before the photographer arrives
How floor plans help buyers understand a home
Why the first listing photo matters online
What sellers should know before choosing a launch date
Why pricing and presentation need to work together
How video can change the way buyers understand a property
What happens between listing agreement and launch day
A seller education Reel should feel practical, not generic.
Weak angle:
Thinking of selling? Call me today.
Stronger angle:
Before you list, review the first photo buyers will see online. If that image does not communicate the strongest feature of the property, the campaign may lose attention before buyers reach the gallery.
The stronger version demonstrates marketing judgment.
That is what sellers want to see.
For more on listing campaigns, read real estate listing marketing in Vancouver.
Listing commentary is stronger than “new listing” posts
A listing Reel should do more than show a property.
It should help viewers understand why the property is interesting.
Many listing Reels use a predictable format: exterior shot, kitchen, living room, bedroom, bathroom, balcony, address, price, and call to action. That can work, especially when the visuals are strong. But listing commentary adds another layer.
Listing commentary explains the strategy.
Examples:
Why this floor plan works well for downsizers
The detail buyers will notice first in this kitchen
How this balcony changes the feel of the condo
Why this property should lead with natural light
What makes this townhome layout practical for families
How the neighbourhood supports the listing’s positioning
This kind of content helps both buyers and sellers.
Buyers get more context. Sellers see how the Realtor thinks about marketing. Future clients can see that the agent is not simply posting media, but interpreting the property.
A strong listing commentary Reel might say:
This East Vancouver home should not be marketed only by bedroom count. The stronger story is usable living space, natural light, outdoor access, and how the floor plan supports everyday routines. That is what the content needs to make clear.
That is more distinctive than “just listed.”
Market update Reels need a clear point
Market update Reels can be useful, but they often become too vague.
A Reel that says “the market is changing” does not help much unless it explains what that means for a specific audience.
Better market update topics include:
What higher inventory could mean for Vancouver sellers
Why buyers should not only watch average prices
How longer days on market can change negotiation strategy
What condo sellers should understand before pricing
Why neighbourhood-level context matters more than broad headlines
What buyers should ask when listings sit longer than expected
A useful market Reel should answer one question:
What does this mean for the viewer?
If the viewer is a seller, explain the seller implication. If the viewer is a buyer, explain the buyer implication. If the content is about a neighbourhood, explain the local impact.
Avoid turning every Reel into a data dump. One useful insight is usually enough.
Behind-the-scenes Reels make the process visible
Behind-the-scenes content works when it reveals process, not just activity.
A Reel showing a photoshoot can be interesting. A Reel explaining why certain shots are being prioritized is stronger.
Examples:
How we choose the first listing photo
What happens during a pre-listing walkthrough
Why we film the neighbourhood before the property goes live
How staging changes the flow of a listing video
What we check before an open house campaign
How a seller consultation is prepared
What goes into a listing launch timeline
This content helps future clients understand the work behind the result.
For sellers, behind-the-scenes content can build confidence. It shows that listing marketing is not random. For buyers, it can make the agent feel more transparent and professional. For brokerages, it can show operational standards.
Behind-the-scenes content should still be polished enough to protect brand perception. Casual does not need to mean careless.
Personal perspective Reels help the Realtor stand out
Personal perspective content helps people understand how a Realtor thinks.
This is different from personal lifestyle content. The goal is not to overshare. The goal is to communicate values, judgment, and working style.
Useful personal perspective topics include:
Why I do not pressure buyers into rushed decisions
How I explain pricing strategy to sellers
Why clarity matters more than hype in real estate marketing
What I wish first-time buyers understood earlier
Why I believe listing preparation is part of negotiation
How I think about neighbourhood fit
Why I prefer useful content over generic market predictions
These videos can make an agent more memorable.
Many Realtors use similar language in bios and captions. Video gives the audience a chance to hear tone, clarity, and perspective directly.
A strong personal brand does not require being loud. It requires being clear.
For a deeper brand-building approach, see how Vancouver Realtors can build a personal brand with video content.
Reels should be specific enough to save or share
A useful Reel often gives the viewer a reason to save, share, or revisit it.
That usually happens when the content is specific.
Weak topic:
Tips for buyers.
Stronger topic:
Three things to compare before choosing between two Vancouver condos.
Weak topic:
Seller advice.
Stronger topic:
What to fix before listing photos, and what may not be worth touching.
Weak topic:
Neighbourhood tour.
Stronger topic:
Why buyers compare Mount Pleasant and Olympic Village differently.
Specificity makes the content easier to remember.
It also helps the algorithm understand audience response. If people save, share, comment, or watch through the Reel, the content has a better chance of continuing to reach relevant viewers.
Instagram’s own creator resources are useful for understanding how creators think about format, consistency, and audience engagement. For Realtors, the practical takeaway is simple: content should be made for a real audience, not only for the platform.
A practical Reel structure for Realtors
A Reel does not need a complex script, but it should have structure.
A simple framework:
Hook
Context
Insight
Next step
Example:
Hook:
Before buying a Vancouver condo, do not compare only square footage.
Context:
Two units can have the same size but feel completely different.
Insight:
Layout, exposure, storage, balcony usability, and building condition can change the value of the space.
Next step:
If you are comparing condos, start with function before finishes.
Another example for sellers:
Hook:
The first listing photo is not just a photo.
Context:
It is the first decision point for online buyers.
Insight:
If the lead image does not show the strongest feature of the home, fewer people may click through to the full gallery.
Next step:
Before listing, review the media strategy, not just the price.
This format works because it moves quickly from attention to usefulness.
The hook earns the first few seconds. The context makes the topic relevant. The insight gives value. The next step gives direction.
How to turn one idea into multiple Reels
Realtors often struggle with content because they think every Reel needs a brand-new idea.
It does not.
One strong topic can become several Reels.
For example, start with:
How to prepare a Vancouver condo before listing
That can become:
Reel 1: What to declutter before listing photos
Reel 2: Why natural light matters during photography
Reel 3: How floor plans help buyers understand layout
Reel 4: What sellers should do before a video tour
Reel 5: Why the first listing image matters
Reel 6: What to fix before going live
A neighbourhood topic can also become several Reels:
Mount Pleasant buyer guide
Becomes:
Reel 1: What buyers like about Mount Pleasant
Reel 2: Condo types buyers usually compare
Reel 3: Mount Pleasant vs. Olympic Village
Reel 4: What to know about parking and walkability
Reel 5: Why layout matters in older buildings
Reel 6: Seller positioning in Mount Pleasant
This is how Reels become a content system instead of a content burden.
For broader video strategy, see Vancouver Realtors and video social content in 2026.
Production quality should match the purpose
Not every Reel needs to be professionally filmed.
Simple educational clips can work well when the idea is clear, the audio is clean, and the framing is acceptable. A Realtor can film quick tips on a phone and still create useful content.
But production quality matters more for certain use cases.
| Reel type | Production expectation |
|---|---|
| Quick education | Simple but clear |
| Neighbourhood clips | Stable, visually useful, locally specific |
| Listing campaign | Professional photography and video recommended |
| Luxury property content | High production quality expected |
| Brand video clip | Professional production recommended |
| Paid ad creative | Strong production and editing recommended |
| Brokerage content | Consistent visual standard recommended |
A casual video can build familiarity. A poorly produced listing campaign can weaken perception.
The standard should match the business importance of the asset.
For high-value listing campaigns, luxury homes, brand films, and paid social creative, professional production can improve trust and presentation. For day-to-day education, clarity matters more than cinematic quality.
For support with video planning and production, explore videography and content creation services.
Captions, hooks, and covers matter
A Reel is not only the video file.
The hook, caption, cover, and profile context all affect whether someone watches and understands the content.
The first line should be clear enough to stop the right viewer.
Examples:
Before selling your Vancouver condo, review this first.
Do not compare Kitsilano and Yaletown only by price.
This is why some listing photos get more attention online.
First-time buyers: square footage is not the whole story.
The caption should add context, not repeat the entire video word for word.
A good caption can include:
- a short summary
- a practical reminder
- a local note
- a soft CTA
- a question that invites useful comments
- a link direction if relevant
The cover image should make the topic understandable from the grid. If every cover looks the same or says nothing useful, the profile becomes harder to browse.
A Realtor’s Instagram profile should function like a lightweight content library. A visitor should be able to understand the agent’s focus within a few seconds.
Calls to action should be natural
Every Reel does not need a hard sales pitch.
In fact, too many aggressive CTAs can make the content feel transactional. But Reels should still give viewers a next step when appropriate.
Examples of natural CTAs:
Save this if you are comparing Vancouver condos.
Send this to someone planning to sell this year.
DM me if you want the full seller prep checklist.
View the full listing through the link in my profile.
Book a consultation if you want to talk through your options.
Read the full guide on our website.
The CTA should match the video.
A listing Reel can point to the property page. A seller tip can point to a consultation. A neighbourhood Reel can point to a guide. A buyer education Reel can invite questions.
The viewer should not be left wondering what to do next.
Reels should connect to landing pages and lead paths
Instagram is not the whole funnel.
A Realtor may get attention on Reels, but the next step often happens somewhere else: a landing page, website, listing page, DM conversation, email follow-up, consultation form, or retargeting campaign.
This is why Reels should connect to a broader system.
| Reel topic | Better next step |
|---|---|
| Listing walkthrough | Property landing page |
| Seller preparation tip | Seller consultation page |
| Neighbourhood comparison | Neighbourhood guide |
| Buyer education | Buyer consultation page |
| Market explainer | Email newsletter or blog post |
| Brand video | About page or services page |
| Open house Reel | Showing inquiry or registration |
For a deeper framework, see real estate landing pages for Vancouver Realtors.
A strong Reel strategy should not rely only on hope. It should guide interested viewers toward a clear action.
Reels can support paid ads and retargeting
Instagram Reels can also support paid distribution.
Some Reels can be used organically. Others can be adapted for paid campaigns. A listing Reel can support a property campaign. A seller education Reel can support a retargeting audience. A brand video clip can help warm up future buyers and sellers.
Meta’s Reels ads resource explains how Reels can be used in paid placements across Meta’s advertising ecosystem. For Realtors, the strategic value is that strong vertical video can work in both organic and paid environments.
A practical paid system could look like this:
Organic Reel:
Seller tip about listing preparation
Warm audience:
People who watched or engaged
Retargeting ad:
Invitation to request a seller strategy consultation
Landing page:
Focused seller consultation page
Follow-up:
Email or call based on inquiry
This is more strategic than only boosting a post.
For more on paid distribution, read Meta Ads for real estate in Vancouver.
How often should Vancouver Realtors post Reels?
The right posting frequency depends on capacity.
A practical starting point is two to four Reels per week. That is enough to build consistency without forcing low-quality content.
A solo Realtor with limited time might start with two Reels per week:
One educational Reel
One neighbourhood or listing commentary Reel
A team or brokerage may produce more:
Two educational Reels
One neighbourhood Reel
One listing or process Reel
One brand or behind-the-scenes Reel
Consistency matters more than volume.
Posting every day for two weeks and then disappearing for a month is less useful than maintaining a realistic cadence over time.
Batch filming can help. A Realtor can record several short educational videos in one session, capture neighbourhood clips during showings or content days, and use professional production for higher-value assets.
The system should be sustainable.
How to measure Instagram Reels performance
Reels should be measured based on the job they are meant to do.
Views are useful, but views alone are not enough.
A Reel can get a lot of views from the wrong audience and produce no business value. Another Reel may have fewer views but generate saves, DMs, profile visits, website clicks, or serious seller conversations.
Useful metrics include:
| Metric | What it can indicate |
|---|---|
| Views | Reach and initial exposure |
| Watch time | Whether the video holds attention |
| Saves | Practical value |
| Shares | Referral value |
| Comments | Engagement and conversation |
| Profile visits | Interest in the Realtor |
| Link clicks | Movement toward website or landing page |
| DMs | Direct conversation |
| Follows | Audience growth |
| Leads | Business outcome |
| Retargeting audience growth | Paid campaign value |
A seller education Reel may be successful if it creates two serious DMs, even if it does not go viral. A neighbourhood Reel may be successful if it gets saved by local buyers. A listing Reel may be successful if it drives qualified property page visits.
The goal is not always maximum reach. The goal is relevant attention.
Common Instagram Reels mistakes Realtors should avoid
Many Realtors struggle with Reels because they either overthink production or underthink strategy.
The most common mistake is posting only listings. Listings are important, but they do not show the full value of the Realtor.
Another mistake is copying trends without adapting them to the business. A trend can create reach, but if it does not connect to buyers, sellers, neighbourhoods, or real estate decision-making, it may not help much.
Other mistakes include:
- vague hooks
- weak audio
- unclear captions
- no local relevance
- no content pillars
- no consistent posting rhythm
- too many generic market updates
- no seller-focused content
- no buyer education
- no next step
- using Reels without website or landing page support
- measuring only views
- ignoring comments and DMs
- relying on boosted posts instead of campaign strategy
- posting content that does not fit the Realtor’s actual service area
The strongest Reels are not always the flashiest. They are usually the clearest and most useful.
A practical Instagram Reels framework for Realtors
Use this framework before creating a Reel.
1. Choose the audience
Decide whether the Reel is for buyers, sellers, homeowners, relocation clients, investors, past clients, or local followers.
Do not try to speak to everyone in every video.
2. Choose the content pillar
Pick one pillar: neighbourhood, buyer education, seller education, listing commentary, market perspective, process, or personal perspective.
3. Write one clear hook
The hook should tell the right person why to keep watching.
Examples:
Before selling your Vancouver condo, check this.
This is one reason Mount Pleasant buyers compare buildings carefully.
The first listing photo matters more than most sellers think.
4. Explain one useful idea
Do not overload the Reel.
One useful point is enough.
5. Add local context
Mention Vancouver, a relevant neighbourhood, property type, or client situation when it fits naturally.
6. Include a next step
The next step can be soft or direct.
It might be saving the Reel, sending a DM, viewing a listing page, reading a guide, booking a consultation, or visiting the website.
7. Repurpose the idea
Turn the same idea into a caption, Story, email topic, blog section, landing page section, or retargeting ad.
This is how Reels become part of a content system instead of another task on the calendar.
How Perseus Creative Studio supports Realtor Reels
Instagram Reels work best when strategy, production, and distribution are connected.
A Realtor may have strong market knowledge but no repeatable process for turning that knowledge into short-form content. Another Realtor may post often but lack local focus, structure, visual quality, or a clear lead path. A brokerage may need consistent content standards across agents, listings, recruitment, and local market education.
Perseus Creative Studio helps Vancouver real estate professionals build video and social media content systems that support visibility, trust, and conversion.
That can include short-form video strategy, Instagram Reels planning, content calendars, professional videography, listing videos, neighbourhood content, seller education clips, buyer education content, social media editing, landing pages, paid social creative, and campaign strategy.
The goal is not to post Reels for the sake of activity. The goal is to create content that helps buyers and sellers understand who you are, what you know, and why your process is credible.
Build trust before the listing appointment or buyer call
Instagram Reels can help Vancouver Realtors stay visible before a client is ready.
That is the real value.
A buyer may not contact you after one Reel. A seller may not book a consultation after one post. But over time, clear educational content, neighbourhood insight, listing commentary, and personal perspective can make you more familiar and more credible.
The best Reel strategy is not built around chasing every trend. It is built around showing useful expertise consistently.
If your current Instagram content is mostly listings, sold posts, and open house reminders, the opportunity is to broaden the content system. Show how you think. Explain how you guide clients. Make neighbourhood knowledge visible. Teach buyers and sellers something useful. Connect the content to landing pages, DMs, consultations, and follow-up.
Perseus Creative Studio helps Vancouver Realtors and brokerages build Instagram Reels strategies that connect content planning, videography, editing, landing pages, paid social, and real estate marketing. To improve how your social content supports visibility and lead generation, explore our real estate marketing and media services, review our real estate media projects, or contact Perseus Creative Studio.
FAQs
What should Vancouver Realtors post on Instagram Reels?
Vancouver Realtors should post a mix of neighbourhood videos, buyer tips, seller education, listing commentary, market explainers, behind-the-scenes content, personal brand videos, and short answers to common client questions.
Should Realtors post more than listing videos on Instagram?
Yes. Listing videos are useful, but Realtors should also post educational and personal brand content so they stay visible between listings and build trust with future buyers and sellers.
How often should Realtors post Instagram Reels?
A practical starting point is two to four Reels per week, depending on production capacity. Consistency matters more than posting heavily for a short period and then stopping.
Do Instagram Reels help Realtors get leads?
Instagram Reels can support lead generation when they are connected to clear calls to action, landing pages, listing pages, consultation forms, DMs, retargeting campaigns, or follow-up systems.
Do Realtor Reels need to be professionally filmed?
Not every Reel needs professional production. Simple educational clips can work well, but brand videos, listing campaigns, luxury property content, and paid ad creative benefit from professional videography, sound, lighting, and editing.




